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Claude Choules
Claude Stanley Choules (;〔(Last known World War I combat veteran dies ), 5 May 2011, National Public Radio, www.npr.org〕 3 March 19015 May 2011) was an English Australian who was the last combat veteran of the First World War, and the last military witness to the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow. He was also the last veteran to have served in both world wars, and the last seaman from the First World War. At the time of his death, he was also the third oldest verified military veteran in the world and the oldest known living man in Australia. He was the seventh-oldest living man in the world. Choules became the oldest man born in the United Kingdom following the death of Stanley Lucas on 21 June 2010. Choules died in Perth, Western Australia, at the age of 110.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Australia's last WWI veteran dies ABC News )〕 He had been the oldest British-born man; following his death, that honour went to the Reverend Reginald Dean (1902–2013). In December 2011, the landing ship was named after him, only the second Royal Australian Navy vessel named after a sailor.
==Early life==
Claude Choules was born in Pershore,〔 Worcestershire, on 3 March 1901 and raised in nearby Wyre Piddle. The son of Harry and Madeline (née Winn), Claude was one of seven children, although two died in early childhood. The surviving siblings were Douglas, Leslie, Phyllis, and Gwendoline. His mother left home when Claude was five, returning to the stage as an actress, and he and his older brothers were raised by his father. His older sister Phyllis lived with the family of a paternal uncle, while his younger sister Gwendoline was adopted by the family of a paternal aunt. Claude and his older brothers went to Pershore National Boys' School, though Douglas (born 1893) and Leslie (born 1894) emigrated to Western Australia in 1911.
Choules was 13 on the outbreak of the First World War, and the family received letters from Douglas〔Claude's brother Private Douglas Victor Choules, aged 21, joined on 3 September 1914 (Service number: 522), was assigned to "E" Company of 11 Infantry Battalion and embarked on the HMAT ''Ascanius'' at Fremantle on 2 November 1914. ((Embarkation Roll )) He named his brother Leslie as his next of kin. ((Nominal Roll ))〕 and Leslie〔Claude's brother Private Henry Leslie Choules, aged 19, joined on 29 January 1915 (Service number: 1794), was assigned to 4 Infantry Brigade of 16 Infantry Battalion and embarked on the HMAT Argyllshire at Fremantle on 19 April 1915. ((Embarkation Roll )) He was awarded the Military Medal on 18 June 1917. ((It's an Honour )) He held the rank of sergeant when he returned to Australia on 28 February 1919. ((First World War Nominal Roll Page – AWM133, 09-077 ))〕〔There was also a Private Norman William Choules, aged 27, who joined on 28 October 1915 (Service number: 4470), was assigned to 11 Infantry Battalion (14th Reinforcements), and embarked on the HMAT ''Miltiades'' at Fremantle on 12 February 1916. His next of kin was his wife, Mrs M I Choules of Palmyra, Fremantle. ((Embarkation Roll )) He died of wounds on 10 May 1917, aged 29, and was buried at the Grevillers British Cemetery in France. He was the son of William and Mary Ann Choules; husband of M. I. Choules. Born at Palmyra, Western Australia. ((Roll of Honour ))〕〔(Claude Choules' obituary in ''The Telegraph'' ) notes: "His sister and his two older brothers, Henry and Douglas, emigrated to Western Australia, where the two boys joined the Australian Imperial Force. They survived the fighting at Gallipoli and in France. ... But three other members of the family left their names on Wyre Piddle's First World War memorial."〕 who had joined the Australian Imperial Force and landed at Anzac Cove during the Gallipoli Campaign. Choules was able to leave school when he turned 14, at which point he attempted to enlist in the army as a bugler boy but was rejected as he was too young.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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